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Separation, Care of Your Children or a Protection Order in Otago? Get Free Legal Information.

Maybe you've just separated and don't know where your children will live. Maybe you're frightened in your own home, or you've been served with Family Court papers and don't understand them. New Zealand family law runs on real thresholds — a two-year living-apart rule before you can dissolve a marriage, a three-year relationship before property is shared equally, a temporary protection order that becomes permanent in three months — and getting a date or a form wrong can cost you money, time, or time with your kids. Before you sign anything or assume the worst, get the facts. Our AI assistant is trained on New Zealand family law — the Care of Children Act 2004, the Property (Relationships) Act 1976, the Family Proceedings Act 1980 and the Family Violence Act 2018 — and explains it in plain English. This is general legal information, not legal advice. Right now there's no Otago phone line live yet — but you can still get clear answers here.

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Family Law in Otago — what to do right now

New Zealand has one national family law, applied locally through the Family Court — in Otago that is the Dunedin (Ōtepoti) Family Court at the corner of Stuart and Dunbar Streets, Dunedin (entrance on Dunbar Street). If you are in danger right now, you can apply to the Family Court for a Protection Order under the Family Violence Act 2018 "without notice" — the court can grant a temporary order the same or next day, and that temporary order automatically becomes a final, permanent order three months later unless the other person formally challenges it. If your dispute is about who your children live with or see, you usually must try Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) mediation — free for eligible parents — before you can apply to the Family Court for a parenting order. If you're in immediate danger, call 111 first. For everything else, get the facts on your exact situation before a date passes.


The law in Otago: Family Law

New Zealand has a single, nationwide legal system — there are no states or provinces and no separate "Otago family law." The same Acts of Parliament apply in Dunedin as in Auckland; what changes locally is where you file and who can help you. In Otago, family matters are heard in the Dunedin (Ōtepoti) Family Court, a division of the District Court, with the High Court available for the most serious or complex cases.

Divorce in New Zealand is pure no-fault. Under the Family Proceedings Act 1980, a marriage or civil union is dissolved on the single ground that it has broken down irreconcilably, and the only way to prove that is to show the couple has been living apart for two years immediately before filing the application (s 39). You cannot allege adultery or cruelty, and your spouse cannot stop the dissolution by refusing to agree. A 2024 reform added one important exception: a person who is a protected person under a Protection Order made against their spouse can apply to dissolve the marriage without waiting the full two years.

Dividing what you own is governed by the Property (Relationships) Act 1976, which covers married, civil-union and de facto couples alike. The headline rule is equal sharing: once a qualifying relationship has lasted three years, relationship property — broadly, the family home, the contents, vehicles, and assets built up during the relationship — is divided 50/50, regardless of whose name is on the title (s 11). Relationships under three years are usually divided by each person's contributions instead. Separate property (generally what you brought in, plus most gifts and inheritances) is normally kept out of the pool, though it can become relationship property if it gets mixed in.

Children are dealt with under the Care of Children Act 2004, where the child's welfare and best interests are the first and paramount consideration (s 4). The Family Court can make a parenting order setting out "day-to-day care" (where the child lives) and "contact" (time with the other parent). Before applying for most parenting orders, parents are expected to have attempted Family Dispute Resolution mediation, unless there has been family violence. Safety sits above everything: under the Family Violence Act 2018, the Family Court can make a Protection Order, and a temporary order obtained "without notice" becomes final by operation of law three months after it is made unless the respondent challenges it — a final order then lasts indefinitely. All of this is information you can get for free; how it applies to your facts is a conversation for an Otago family lawyer.

Key Statutes (New Zealand — applied in Otago)

  • Family Proceedings Act 1980, s 39 — dissolution only on irreconcilable breakdown, proved by 2 years living apart
  • Property (Relationships) Act 1976, s 11 — equal (50/50) sharing of relationship property after a 3-year relationship
  • Care of Children Act 2004, s 4 — child's welfare and best interests are the first and paramount consideration
  • Care of Children Act 2004 — Family Court parenting orders deal with 'day-to-day care' and 'contact'
  • Family Violence Act 2018 — Protection Orders; a 'without notice' temporary order becomes final after 3 months
  • Family Proceedings Act 1980 — 2024 reform lets family-violence victims dissolve a marriage without the 2-year wait

Courts & Services (Otago)

  • Dunedin (Ōtepoti) Family Court — corner of Stuart and Dunbar Streets, Dunedin (entrance Dunbar Street); 0800 268 787
  • District Court and High Court at Dunedin — share the same courthouse complex
  • Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) — mediation for care-of-children disputes, free for eligible parents (Ministry of Justice funded)
  • Community Law Otago — free legal advice, Floor 1, 169 Princes Street, Dunedin; 03 474 1922 / 0800 169 333
  • Citizens Advice Bureau Otago — free, confidential information and referral on family-law options

Thresholds & Outcomes

  • 2 years living apart — the standard waiting period before a marriage or civil union can be dissolved
  • 3 years — the relationship length that triggers automatic equal (50/50) sharing of relationship property
  • Temporary Protection Order — becomes a permanent final order 3 months after it is made unless challenged
  • FDR mediation — usually required before applying to the Family Court for a parenting order (family-violence exception)
  • Breaching a Protection Order is a criminal offence — police can arrest, and a court can impose imprisonment or a fine

The three-month protection-order clock — and the two-year wait that catches people out

Here's what surprises people most in New Zealand: a Protection Order you get urgently "without notice" is only temporary at first — but you don't have to do anything more to keep it. Under the Family Violence Act 2018, that temporary order automatically becomes a final, permanent order three months after it is made, unless the other person formally tells the court they want to be heard. If they do challenge it, a hearing must be set quickly. The opposite trap catches couples who want to divorce: you generally cannot apply to dissolve a marriage until you have been living apart for two years, so people who assume they can "get divorced quickly" lose months they didn't plan for. (A 2024 change lets victims of family violence skip that two-year wait.) Knowing which clock applies to you — and when it starts — matters before a date passes. Get clear answers about your own situation, in plain English, free.


Likely outcomes & penalties

Family law outcomes aren't criminal penalties — they're about money, property and the care of your children, and in New Zealand many of them turn on bright-line thresholds. Here's the realistic range of what's at stake.
Relationship property
After a relationship of three years or more, relationship property is shared equally (50/50) under the Property (Relationships) Act 1976 — including the family home — no matter whose name is on the title. Separate property is normally excluded, but it can lose that status if it is mixed into shared assets.
Care of children
The Family Court decides "day-to-day care" and "contact" by the child's best interests under the Care of Children Act 2004 (s 4). Orders can be shared or sole; before most applications, parents are expected to try Family Dispute Resolution mediation first.
Dissolution (divorce)
A marriage or civil union ends on the no-fault ground of irreconcilable breakdown, proved by two years living apart (Family Proceedings Act 1980). Fault and "who caused it" are legally irrelevant. Victims of family violence may dissolve without the two-year wait.
Protection Order
A Protection Order under the Family Violence Act 2018 can be obtained urgently; a temporary order becomes permanent after three months unless challenged. It can restrict where the respondent goes and who they contact, and breaching it is a criminal offence that can lead to arrest.

Mistakes to avoid

⚠️
Assuming you can "get divorced straight away" — in New Zealand you generally can't apply to dissolve a marriage until you have been living apart for two years, so plans built on a faster timeline fall apart.
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Treating the date of separation as a casual detail — it starts the two-year clock for dissolution and can affect relationship property, so a vague or disputed separation date causes real problems later.
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Believing an affair or who "caused" the break-up will change the property split — New Zealand is no-fault, and relationship property is generally shared equally regardless of conduct.
⚠️
Thinking a "without notice" Protection Order has to be renewed — it actually becomes permanent automatically after three months unless the other person challenges it; the mistake is not understanding that a challenge triggers a fast hearing you must attend.
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Skipping Family Dispute Resolution and going straight to the Family Court over the children — for most parenting disputes you must attempt FDR mediation first, and applications can be turned away if you haven't.

How it works

1
Get free legal information about your situation. Tell our AI assistant what's happening — a separation, a dispute over the children, a property split, or fear for your safety — and get clear, plain-English information about how New Zealand family law applies and what your next move is. It's general legal information, not legal advice, and creates no lawyer-client relationship.
2
Understand the right path and the right service. Whether your next step is Family Dispute Resolution mediation, an application to the Dunedin Family Court, or free advice from Community Law Otago, we'll explain the options and the thresholds — the two-year dissolution rule, the three-year property rule, the protection-order process — so you're not guessing.
3
Get matched with an Otago family lawyer — if you want one. If your situation needs a lawyer, we can help point you to local family-law help in Dunedin and the wider Otago region. There's no pressure and no obligation — many people get what they need from the free conversation and the free community services alone.

Free & low-cost Family Law help in Otago

New Zealand has strong free and low-cost help for family-law problems, and several of these services operate right here in Otago. Start with these official and community resources, then get free information here if you want to talk it through.

Free legal advice, information and education for the people of Otago — including separation, care of children and family violence. Floor 1, 169 Princes Street, Dunedin; appointments by phone, in person, or at outreach clinics across the region.
The official guide to care arrangements, parenting orders, and the Family Court process under the Care of Children Act 2004, including how Family Dispute Resolution mediation fits in.
Official step-by-step guidance on applying to the Family Court for a Protection, Property or Furniture Order under the Family Violence Act 2018, including the forms required.
The government-funded mediation service for care-of-children disputes — free for eligible parents — that you usually need to try before applying to the Family Court for a parenting order.
Government-funded legal help for people who can't afford a lawyer, including many family-law cases. Check whether you qualify based on your income and circumstances.
Free, confidential and independent information and referral on family-law options, available in Dunedin and across New Zealand.
The New Zealand Law Society's directory and referral information to find a family lawyer in Otago when you need paid representation.

FAQ — Family Law in Otago

How long do I have to wait to get divorced in New Zealand?

In most cases, two years. Under the Family Proceedings Act 1980 a marriage or civil union can only be dissolved on the ground that it has broken down irreconcilably, and that is proved by living apart for two years before you file. There is no fault-based shortcut. One important exception added in 2024 lets a person who is protected by a Protection Order against their spouse apply without waiting the full two years. To check which timeline applies to you, get free information about your own situation.

Where do I deal with family law matters in Otago?

In the Dunedin (Ōtepoti) Family Court, which is part of the District Court and sits in the courthouse at the corner of Stuart and Dunbar Streets, Dunedin (the entrance is on Dunbar Street). The same complex also houses the District Court and High Court. New Zealand has one national family law, so the rules are the same everywhere — what's local is the court you file in and the services that can help you, like Community Law Otago.

How is property divided when a relationship ends?

Under the Property (Relationships) Act 1976, once a marriage, civil union or de facto relationship has lasted three years, relationship property is generally shared equally — 50/50 — including the family home, regardless of whose name is on it. Relationships shorter than three years are usually divided by each person's contributions instead. Separate property you brought into the relationship is normally kept out, but it can become shared if it's mixed in. For how the line falls in your case, get free information here.

Does it matter who caused the break-up or that my partner cheated?

Legally, almost never. New Zealand divorce is no-fault — the only ground is irreconcilable breakdown, proved by living apart for two years, and you cannot plead adultery or cruelty. Conduct is also generally irrelevant to how relationship property is shared. There are narrow situations where behaviour matters — for example, family violence is highly relevant to safety, care of children and protection orders. Get free information to find out what actually affects your outcome.

How do I arrange where my children will live?

Parents are encouraged to agree on care arrangements themselves. If you can't, you usually must attend Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) mediation — free for eligible parents — before you can apply to the Family Court for a parenting order under the Care of Children Act 2004. The court decides "day-to-day care" and "contact" by the child's welfare and best interests, which are the first and paramount consideration. Get free information about the steps that fit your situation.

What is Family Dispute Resolution and do I have to do it?

Family Dispute Resolution (FDR) is a mediation service that helps separated parents reach agreement about the care of their children. For most parenting disputes you must try FDR before you can apply to the Family Court — and it is free for eligible parents, with partial funding for others. There's an exception where there has been family violence. We can explain how FDR works and whether you're likely to qualify for free mediation.

I'm scared for my safety — how do I get a protection order?

You can apply to the Family Court for a Protection Order under the Family Violence Act 2018, and in urgent cases the court can grant a temporary order "without notice" — often the same or next day. That temporary order automatically becomes a final, permanent order three months later unless the other person challenges it; if they do, the court sets a hearing quickly. Breaching a Protection Order is a criminal offence. If you're in immediate danger, call 111 first, then get free information about the process step by step.

I've been served with a protection order — what are my rights?

You have the right to be heard. A "without notice" Protection Order is temporary at first, but it becomes permanent three months after it's made unless you formally notify the court that you want to challenge it — and if you do, a hearing must be set quickly. Ignoring it doesn't make it go away, and breaching it is a criminal offence. The stakes are serious, so don't let the deadline pass. Get free information about how to respond, and consider speaking with a family lawyer or Community Law Otago.

Can I get a divorce if my spouse won't agree or has left the country?

Yes. New Zealand divorce is no-fault and doesn't need both people to agree — one person can apply once the two-year living-apart requirement is met. If your spouse can't be located, the court has ways to deal with serving the papers, and the dissolution can still go ahead. The key is meeting the two-year separation ground (or qualifying for the family-violence exception). Get free information about the path that fits your circumstances.

Do de facto and same-sex couples have the same rights as married couples?

For dividing property, generally yes. The Property (Relationships) Act 1976 applies the same equal-sharing rules to married, civil-union and de facto couples — including same-sex couples — once the relationship has lasted three years. De facto couples don't get "divorced" (there's no marriage to dissolve), but they have the same relationship-property and care-of-children rights. Get free information about how the rules apply to your relationship.

Is this free, and is it confidential?

Yes — getting general legal information here is free and confidential. To be clear about what it is: this service gives legal information, not legal advice, and it does not create a lawyer-client relationship — we're not a law firm. There isn't a live Otago phone line yet, so we'll never ask you to "call now" or give you a number that doesn't exist. If your case needs a lawyer, we can point you to local family-law help in Otago, and free services like Community Law Otago are available too.

What if my family law issue also involves immigration?

Family law and immigration are separate systems. Your separation, care-of-children and protection-order matters are decided by the Family Court under New Zealand family law; immigration status is decided by Immigration New Zealand under the Immigration Act 2009, with appeals to the Immigration and Protection Tribunal — not the family judge. A Protection Order can stand on its own regardless of either person's immigration status. We can give you free information on the family-law side and flag when you also need immigration advice.


Otago family lawyers: join our network

Are you an Otago family lawyer handling separation, care of children, relationship property or family-violence matters in Dunedin, Queenstown, Oamaru, Balclutha or across the region? We connect people with vetted local lawyers after they've had free information about their situation. If you'd like to receive matched, consultation-ready enquiries in your area and practice, register your interest to join our network as we expand across New Zealand. This is a path for lawyers only — it does not change the free, no-obligation help we give the public.

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Last updated: 21 June 2026. Reviewed by the Legal Hotline Editorial Team.

General legal information, not legal advice. We research every page from primary sources — legislation, the courts, and government legal-aid bodies — and check it for accuracy. Spotted something out of date? Tell us at admin@platfirm.ai.

Get the facts before a date passes.

Whether you've just separated, you're worried about the care of your children, or you need to be safe tonight, New Zealand family law runs on real thresholds — a two-year wait to dissolve a marriage, a three-year rule for sharing property, a protection order that turns permanent in three months. The sooner you understand which one applies to you, the more options you keep. Get clear, plain-English legal information about your situation now — it's free, and it creates no lawyer-client relationship. If you're in immediate danger, call 111. If you want a lawyer, we can point you to local family-law help across Otago, and free services like Community Law Otago are there too. Knowing where you stand is the cheapest, fastest move you can make.

Free legal information. Not legal advice.

Last updated 21 June 2026
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